How can I tell if an used piano is in good condition?

A DIY check can help you quickly filter out obviously poor-condition pianos (e.g., broken keys, cracked case, rusted strings), but only a professional technician inspection can reveal hidden structural, mechanical, and tonal issues that determine whether the piano is truly playable and worth the investment.
DIY Checking (Self-Assessment by Buyer)
What You Can Do Yourself
  • Visual inspection: Look for cracks in the case, missing parts, water damage, or obvious warping.
  • Keys & pedals: Test every key for sticking, uneven touch, or dead notes; check pedals for smooth function.
  • Strings & tuning pins: Look for rust, corrosion, or loose pins.
  • Basic sound test: Play chords and scales to hear if the tone is even or if there are buzzing/rattling noises.
Limitations
  • You cannot accurately judge pinblock integrity, hammer wear, regulation precision, or subtle soundboard issues.
  • Cosmetic appearance can be misleading—many pianos look shiny outside but are worn inside.
  • DIY checks are useful for screening, but not for making a final decision.

Technician Inspection (Professional Evaluation)
What a Technician Can Do
  • Structural integrity: Assess soundboard, bridges, and pinblock for cracks, warping, or instability.
  • Action regulation: Measure key dip, hammer travel, let-off, and repetition speed.
  • Hammer & felt condition: Check for deep grooves, flattening, or moth damage.
  • Tuning stability: Test whether tuning pins hold pitch properly.
  • Humidity damage: Identify swelling, rust, or mold that may not be visible.
  • Repair cost estimate: Provide realistic costs for regulation, voicing, restringing, or rebuilding.
Advantages
  • Gives you a clear picture of long-term playability and costs.
  • Protects you from buying a piano that looks fine but is structurally unsound.
  • Provides leverage in price negotiation with sellers.
Practical Advice for HK Buyers
  • Use DIY checks to quickly filter out unsuitable pianos before arranging a professional visit.
  • Always hire a technician before finalizing a purchase, especially for private sales.
  • Consider the inspection fee as insurance—it can save you tens of thousands in future repairs.
DIY checking is a good first step to avoid wasting time, but only a technician’s inspection can confirm whether a piano is structurally sound, musically satisfying, and financially worth buying.

Consulting a piano technician over the phone can give you general guidance, but it cannot replace an in-person inspection, where the technician can physically test the piano’s structure, action, and tuning stability. Phone advice is limited to theory and assumptions, while hands-on inspection reveals the true condition and repair costs.
Limitations of Phone Consultation vs. In-Person Inspection
1. No Physical Testing
  • Over the phone, a technician cannot press keys, test pedals, or check action regulation.
  • Critical issues like sluggish repetition, uneven touch, or hammer misalignment are impossible to detect without hands-on testing.
2. Hidden Structural Problems Go Unnoticed
  • Soundboard cracks, bridge damage, and pinblock weakness are often invisible to the untrained eye.
  • Only by physically probing tuning pins and inspecting wood can a technician confirm if the piano will hold pitch.
3. Tone and Voicing Cannot Be Judged
  • A phone call cannot capture the subtle tonal qualities of the piano.
  • Even recordings are unreliable, since microphone quality and room acoustics distort the sound.
4. Humidity and Environmental Damage
  • In Hong Kong’s humid climate, pianos often suffer from rusted strings, swollen wood, or mold.
  • These issues are subtle and require close inspection with light and tools—something impossible over the phone.
5. Repair Cost Estimates Are Inaccurate
  • A technician can only give very general advice by phone.
  • Without seeing the actual instrument, they cannot provide a reliable estimate for regulation, voicing, restringing, or rebuilding.
6. Weaker Negotiation Leverage
  • A buyer armed only with phone advice has little proof when negotiating with a seller.

 

Phone consultations are useful for initial guidance (e.g., whether a piano is worth a look), but they cannot replace the precision and certainty of an in-person inspection. For a purchase that may last 20–30 years, the small cost of hiring a technician to inspect the actual piano is the best insurance against costly mistakes.


湯 先生/ Mr. Tong
英國註冊鋼琴技師 / Registered Piano Technician (MPTA)
Mobile / Whatsapp: 6304 4081
Website: www.tongtuning.com
Blog: www.tongtuning.com/wordpress
Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/Piano.Technician.HK
YouTube Channel: http://www.youtube.com/user/tongtuning
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