起源與早期歷史
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創立時間:1862 年於美國俄亥俄州辛辛那提 (Cincinnati, Ohio),由 Dwight Hamilton Baldwin(音樂教師兼樂器零售商)創辦。
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第一台鋼琴:1891 年推出直立式鋼琴。
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第一台三角鋼琴:1895 年問世。
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Baldwin 很快獲得國際認可 —— 在 1900 年巴黎世博會,Baldwin 音樂會三角鋼琴榮獲 大獎(Grand Prix),成為第一個獲此殊榮的美國鋼琴品牌 。
黃金時期(1900–1960 年代)
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Baldwin 成為 美國最大的鋼琴製造商之一,出口至 30 多個國家。
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許多著名鋼琴家與作曲家(如 巴托克 Béla Bartók、史特拉汶斯基 Igor Stravinsky、José Iturbi)都曾使用 Baldwin 演奏。
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Baldwin 以 堅固結構、溫暖音色與創新設計 聞名(如二戰後開發的 21 層楓木弦軸板)。
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到 20 世紀中期,Baldwin 被視為 Steinway 在美國的主要競爭對手,特別是在音樂會三角鋼琴領域。
衰退與重組
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在 20 世紀末,Baldwin 因 財務困難與市場變化 而陷入困境。
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2001 年:Baldwin 宣告破產,被 Gibson 吉他公司 收購 。
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2008 年:Baldwin 停止美國生產,將製造轉移至 中國中山工廠。
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如今,Baldwin 鋼琴由 Gibson 擁有的中國現代工廠生產 。
現今品質與定位
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美國品牌,中國製造:Baldwin 仍是美國品牌(總部位於田納西州納什維爾/ Nashville, Tennessee),但所有新琴皆在中國生產。
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產品線:
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Baldwin Professional Series → 高階直立與三角鋼琴。
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Baldwin Academy Series → 入門級,價格親民,適合學生。
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音色與結構: 現代 Baldwin 以 結構紮實、音色溫暖 獲得好評,但普遍認為 不及 20 世紀中期美國製 Baldwin 的水準。
Baldwin 曾是 美國最具代表性的鋼琴製造商,在聲望上可與 Steinway 匹敵。隨著破產與生產轉移至中國,如今 Baldwin 定位於 中階市場,提供可靠、結構良好的鋼琴,延續美國設計傳統,但已不再是昔日的「Steinway 對手」。不過,美國製的復古 Baldwin(特別是 1930–1970 年代的三角琴) 仍深受收藏家與演奏家珍視。
Reference:
[1] Baldwin Piano Company – Official History
[2] Wikipedia – Baldwin Piano Company
[3] Riverton Piano Blog – The Truth About Baldwin Pianos
Baldwin was established in 1862 by Dwight Hamilton Baldwin in Cincinnati, Ohio. They were originally a retail enterprise, selling Steinway and Chickering pianos. They began manufacturing their own pianos in 1889 operating as D.H. Baldwin & Co. Shortly after D.H. Baldwin’s death, the name became the Baldwin Piano & Organ Co. in 1903.
Baldwin has manufactured pianos under the names: Acrosonic, Chickering, Wurlitzer, Ellington, Franke, Hamilton, Howard, Kremlin, Manualo, Modello, Monarch, St. Regis, Sargent, Schroeder, Valley Gem, Winton.
Baldwin acquired controlling stock of German firm, Bechstein, in 1963, and the remainder of the shares in 1974. By 1986 they sold Bechstein to Karl Schulze, a West German piano retailer and master piano technician. In 1988, they purchased the Wurlitzer and Chickering names.
In the 1980s, Korean firm, Samick, manufactured pianos bearing the DH Baldwin name. They were purchased by Baldwin and sold through Baldwin dealers. In 2001, Gibson, makers of guitars and other musical instruments and accessories, purchased Baldwin. Baldwin grand pianos were then manufactured at the Trumann, AR plant. The following is a list of brand names that are/were recently in use or in development by Gibson: A.B. Chase, Aeolian, Ampico, Baldwin, DH Baldwin (made in Arkansas since 2004, but discontinued in 2008), Cable, Ellington (only in 2003) made in China, Hamilton (replaced the Ellington in 2004 but discontinued in 2008), Howard grand pianos (made in Arkansas since 2006 but discontinued in 2008), Ivers & Pond, J & C Fischer, Kranich & Bach, Monarch, Mozart, Pianola, Pianovelle, Sargent; Wurlitzer and Chickering (both discontinued in 2008).
In 2008, Baldwin completely revamped its product line, moving all production of pianos to their factories in China (owned by Gibson Guitar Corp., Nashville, Tennessee). The company discontinued piano manufacturing at its last factory in the USA in Trumann, Arkansas in December 2008. However, it still serves as a distribution and service center for the U.S.
Baldwin’s Official Website: www.baldwinpiano.com
湯 先生/ Mr. Tong
英國註冊鋼琴技師 / Registered Piano Technician (MPTA)
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